Hydraulics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Hydraulics - Essay Example Most of the ancient towns and cities in United Kingdom are close to the river always experiencing damages from flooding over time. SuDS are small scale source control measures which are useful in draining surface water in a more natural way through infiltration, retention and storage devices in urban areas. They employ methods that mimic natural drainage systems by passively removing contaminants in surface water and naturalizing flow rate (JEFFERIES, 2011 p 189-221). After reducing the water volumes and pollutants near the water source, a corresponding reduction in the rate of flow downstream and flood discharges are evident. Reducing rate of downstream flow and flood discharges contribute in improving the quality of water. Further improvements are realizable due to reduced storm water into sewers because little surface water spills over into the sewer system, this spillage if often allowed force raw sewer discharge into the water courses. Certain infiltration based systems such as permeable pavements, swale and detention ponds are always important in controlling the effect of storm water in built-up areas. Permeable pavements are alternative grounds that allow storm water to filter through the voids into the underlying stone reservoirs for temporarily storage (KING, & WISLER, 2008 p 117-131). Permeable pavements consist of permeable surface layer, bedding a layer, underlying stone aggregate reservoir and a filtration layer laid at the bottom. Swales are shallow channels for collecting, and removing pollutants from water (KING, & WISLER, 2008 p 207-231). Swales have shallow side slopes and a flat bottom. They usually have grass covers and mostly water flows in a thin layer through the grass. Detention ponds are for improving the quality of urban runoff and reducing the rates at which the peak storm flows this is possible by providing temporary storage during large storms. Slow sand Filters have a filtration rate of 0.15 m3/m2†¢h, the